Sunan Abi Da'ud · Hadith 582

حدثنا أبو الوليد الطيالسي، حدثنا شعبة، أخبرني إسماعيل بن رجاء، سمعت أوس بن ضمعج، يحدث عن أبي مسعود البدري، قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ يؤم القوم أقرؤهم لكتاب الله وأقدمهم قراءة فإن كانوا في القراءة سواء فليؤمهم أقدمهم هجرة فإن كانوا في الهجرة سواء فليؤمهم أكبرهم سنا ولا يؤم الرجل في بيته ولا في سلطانه ولا يجلس على تكرمته إلا بإذنه ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قال شعبة فقلت لإسماعيل ما تكرمته قال فراشه ‏.‏

Abu Mas’ud al-Badri reported the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying: The one of you who is most versed in the Books of Allah should act as imam for the people; and the one who is the earliest of them in reciting (the Qur’an); if they are equally versed in reciting it, then the earliest of them to emigrate (to Medina); if they emigrated at the same time, then the oldest of them. No man must lead another in prayer in his house (i.e. in the house of a latter) or where the latter has authority, or sit in his place of honor without his permission. Shu’bah said: I asked Isma’il: what is the meaning of his place of honor? He replied: his throne.

Gradings are classical jarḥ-wa-taʿdīl, name-matched to a rijāl index (not individually re-verified).