The Sufficient (Vol 5) · Hadith 36 (#Ḥadīth #8)

8- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ أَمِيراً لَهُ عَلَى سَرِيَّةٍ أَمَرَهُ بِتَقْوَى اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي خَاصَّةِ نَفْسِهِ ثُمَّ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ عَامَّةً ثُمَّ يَقُولُ اغْزُ بِسْمِ اللهِ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللهِ وَلا تَغْدِرُوا وَلا تَغُلُّوا وَتُمَثِّلُوا وَلا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيداً وَلا مُتَبَتِّلا فِي شَاهِقٍ وَلا تُحْرِقُوا النَّخْلَ وَلا تُغْرِقُوهُ بِالْمَاءِ وَلا تَقْطَعُوا شَجَرَةً مُثْمِرَةً وَلا تُحْرِقُوا زَرْعاً لأنَّكُمْ لا تَدْرُونَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَلا تَعْقِرُوا مِنَ الْبَهَائِمِ مِمَّإ؛ يُؤْكَلُ لَحْمُهُ إِلا مَا لا بُدَّ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَكْلِهِ وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ عَدُوّاً لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَادْعُوهُمْ إِلَى إِحْدَى ثَلاثٍ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَجَابُوكُمْ إِلَيْهَا فَاقْبَلُوا مِنْهُمْ وَكُفُّوا عَنْهُمْ ادْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الإسْلامِ فَإِنْ دَخَلُوا فِيهِ فَاقْبَلُوهُ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفُّوا عَنْهُمْ وَادْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْهِجْرَةِ بَعْدَ الإسْلامِ فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَاقْبَلُوا مِنْهُمْ وَكُفُّوا عَنْهُمْ وَإِنْ أَبَوْا أَنْ يُهَاجِرُوا وَاخْتَارُوا دِيَارَهُمْ وَأَبَوْا أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا فِي دَارِ الْهِجْرَةِ كَانُوا بِمَنْزِلَةِ أَعْرَابِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ مَا يَجْرِي عَلَى أَعْرَابِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلا يَجْرِي لَهُمْ فِي الْفَيْءِ وَلا فِي الْقِسْمَةِ شَيْءٌ إِلا أَنْ يُهَاجِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فَإِنْ أَبَوْا هَاتَيْنِ فَادْعُوهُمْ إِلَى إِعْطَاءِ الْجِزْيَةِ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ فَإِنْ أَعْطَوُا الْجِزْيَةَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ وَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَاسْتَعِنِ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَيْهِمْ وَجَاهِدْهُمْ فِي اللهِ حَقَّ جِهَادِهِ وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَأَرَادُوكَ عَلَى أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَلا تَنْزِلْ لَهُمْ وَلَكِنْ أَنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِكُمْ ثُمَّ اقْضِ فِيهِمْ بَعْدُ مَا شِئْتُمْ فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ تَرَكْتُمُوهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللهِ لَمْ تَدْرُوا تُصِيبُوا حُكْمَ اللهِ فِيهِمْ أَمْ لا وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتُمْ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَإِنْ آذَنُوكَ عَلَى أَنْ تُنْزِلَهُمْ عَلَى ذِمَّةِ اللهِ وَذِمَّةِ رَسُولِهِ فَلا تُنْزِلْهُمْ وَلَكِنْ أَنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى ذِمَمِكُمْ وَذِمَمِ آبَائِكُمْ وَإِخْوَانِكُمْ فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَمَكُمْ وَذِمَمَ آبَائِكُمْ وَإِخْوَانِكُمْ كَانَ أَيْسَرَ عَلَيْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنْ أَنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَّةَ اللهِ وَذِمَّةَ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Harun ibn Muslim Mas’adah ibn Sadaqah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah , has said that when the Holy Prophet appointed a commander for a small group of people to be dispatched for an armed expedition, he commanded him to maintain piety before Allah in his own affairs, then he commanded him to maintain piety in the affairs of the people under his command. He then said, ‘Mobilize in the name of Allah and in the way of Allah. Fight those who reject belief in Allah. You must not betray, or deceive, you must not deform anyone, you must not kill children, you must not kill devoted worshippers who live in desolate places, you must not burn palm trees or flood them in water, you must not cut down fruit-bearing trees, you must not burn down farms because you do not know who will use them for food. When you meet an enemy of the Muslims, give him three choices. If he accepts you also must accept it from him and allow him to live free. Call them to al-Islam. If they accept you must also accept it (their acceptance) and allow them to live free; or ask them to migrate (to the land under the Islamic domain) after their accepting al-Islam. If they accepted you must also accept it from them and allow them to live free. If they refuse migration but choose to remain in their land and refuse to move to migration locations, they are considered as the believing Arabs. Whatever applied to believing Arabs apply to them. They will have no share in al- Fai ’ and any dividend until they move in the way of Allah. If they refuse to accept both of the previous choices, then ask them to pay taxes with their own hands in a humble manner. If they agree to pay taxes then you must accept it from them and allow them to be free. If they refuse all the choices, then ask assistance from Allah and do Jihad against them in the way Jihad must be performed. If the residents of the stronghold are surrounded and they propose that they are ready to accept the laws of Allah in the matter, do not accept their proposal. Ask them to accept your decision in the matter. Thereafter make your decision the way you want. If you leave them according to the laws of Allah, you will not be able to find if you have found Allah’s applicable law in the matter or not. When you surround the residents of a stronghold and they ask you to deal with them upon the responsibility of Allah and the responsibility of His Messenger, you must not agree with such a proposal. In fact you must deal with them upon your own responsibility and the responsibility of your fathers and brothers. It is easier for you if you could not keep up with your responsibility and the responsibility of your fathers and brothers, than your failure to keep up with the responsibility of Allah and His Messenger ‘Alayhi al-Salam.’”

Gradings are classical jarḥ-wa-taʿdīl, name-matched to a rijāl index (not individually re-verified).